Here are summaries of some of the most interesting and significant cases in the history of the Indian judiciary:
1. Bhawal Case (1921-1946): This unusual case involved a claimant who appeared years after the supposed death of Ramendra, the second son of the zamindar of Bhawal, claiming to be him. The case went through several trials and appeals, and it concluded with the Privy Council in London ruling in favor of the claimant in 1946. However, the claimant died shortly after the verdict.
2. ADM Jabalpur v Shivakant Shukla (1976): Known as the Habeas Corpus case, it's one of the most critical cases in Indian constitutional history. During the Emergency of 1975, the right to seek enforcement of rights under Articles 14, 21, and 22 was suspended. The Supreme Court controversially upheld this suspension.
3. Himmat Lal Shah v. Commissioner of Police (1973): This case was crucial in upholding the citizens' right to hold public meetings and the extent to which the state can regulate this right. It played a significant role in the context of freedom of expression and assembly.
4. Shah Bano Case (1985): A landmark case where Shah Bano, a divorced Muslim woman, was granted alimony. However, the judgement led to a political backlash and resulted in the passing of the Muslim Women (Protection of Rights on Divorce) Act, 1986, which diluted the Supreme Court's ruling.
5. State of Uttar Pradesh vs. Raj Narain (1975): This case led to the declaration of the Emergency in India. The election of then-Prime Minister Indira Gandhi was declared void due to electoral malpractice, leading to political upheaval and the imposition of the Emergency.
6. Kesavananda Bharati vs State of Kerala (1973): A landmark case that introduced the Basic Structure doctrine, stating that the Parliament cannot amend the basic structure of the Constitution. This case is significant for safeguarding democracy in India.
7. Mathura Rape Case (1972): This case involved the custodial rape of a young tribal woman, Mathura, leading to significant changes in India's rape laws. The controversial judgement by the Sessions Court, which was later overturned, sparked nationwide protests and reforms.
8. NALSA vs Union of India (2014): In this landmark judgement, the Supreme Court recognized transgender people as the 'third gender,' affirming their fundamental rights and equal treatment under the law.
9. Lal Bihari Identity Case (1975-1994): Lal Bihari struggled for 19 years to prove he was alive after being officially declared dead due to corruption in government records. His case highlighted systemic issues in Indian bureaucracy.
10. Vishakha and Others vs. State of Rajasthan (1997): This case led to the establishment of the Vishakha Guidelines, laying down procedures for dealing with sexual harassment in the workplace. The case was in response to the gang-rape of Bhanwari Devi, a social worker in Rajasthan.
These cases reflect the dynamic nature of Indian law and its ability to address complex social, political, and personal issues. Each case has had a profound impact on Indian society and the legal system.
For more detailed information, you can explore these sources:
- [Legal Desire](https://legaldesire.com/top-10-most-interesting-indian-court-cases-to-know/)
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